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te scions of one of his family in preference to the able anddistinguished representative of the other branch. ery kind had theapproval of the Chinese writers on military ethics whose books wereregarded as classics by the Japanese. The term shoni originally signifiedvice-governor. But China's interpretation of tribute was essentiallyunpractical.

CAPTURE AND RE-CAPTURE OF KYOTOIn 1353, the Southern court received a signal accession of strengthin the allegiance of the Yamana family and of Tadafuyu. That sum was calculated at 100,000 ryo, or about asmany pounds sterling, which fact is alone sufficient to convey anidea of the extravagance practised in everything connected with theGovernment. These, however, were notcommercial conventions. alnuns, 7500, and those of the Court officials 2300, the whole making atotal of about 120,000 koku.